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General MIDI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the synthesizer specification. For the British DJ, see General Midi (DJ). General MIDI or GM is a standardized specification for music synthesizers that respond to MIDI messages.
GM was developed by the American MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) and the Japan MIDI Standards Committee (JMSC) and first published in 1. The official specification is available in English from the MMA, bound together with the MIDI 1.
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- General MIDI's most recognized feature is the list of 128 Instrument sounds (or 'patches') and 47 Percussion sounds that all GM devices must support.
Japanese from the Association of Musical Electronic Industry (AMEI). GM imposes several requirements beyond the more abstract MIDI 1. While MIDI 1. 0 by itself provides a communications protocol which ensures that different instruments can interoperate at a fundamental level (e. MIDI keyboard will cause an attached MIDI sound module to play musical notes), GM goes further in two ways: it requires that all GM- compatible synthesizers meet a certain minimal set of features, such as being able to play at least 2. MIDI 1. 0 spec, such as defining instrument sounds for each of the 1.
GM synthesizers are required to be able to: Allow 2. Respond to note velocity. Support all 1. 6 channels simultaneously (with channel 1. Support polyphony (multiple simultaneous notes) on each channel. Parameter interpretations.
General Midi Instrument Patch Mapping
The following table shows which instrument sound corresponds to each of the 1. Program Numbers for GM only. There are 1. 28 program numbers. The numbers can be displayed as values 1 to 1.
Enjoy the lowest prices and best selection of Instrument Cables at Guitar Center. Most orders are eligible for free shipping. These files allow you to easily access patches on higher banks of your synthesizer, where patches greater than. Wind Controller FAQ Version 2.0.178. Last updated Wednesday, July 20, 2016. Here is the updated MIDI Wind Controller FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions).
The 0 to 1. 27 numbering is usually only used internally by the synthesizer; the vast majority of MIDI devices, digital audio workstations and professional MIDI sequencers display these Program Numbers as shown in the table (1- 1. Synth Effects. Notes recorded on channel 1.
GM standard. Each of the 1. If a MIDI file is programmed to the General MIDI protocol, then the results are predictable, but the sound fidelity may vary depending on the quality of the GM synthesizer: Controller events. GM also specifies which operations should be performed by multiple Control Numbers. In MIDI, every Registered Parameter is assigned a Registered Parameter Number or RPN.
Registered Parameters are usually called RPNs for short. Setting Registered Parameters requires sending (numbers are decimal): two Control Change messages using Control Numbers 1.
Data Entry messages of one or two bytes (MSB = Controller #6, LSB = Controller #3. The most notable addition was the ability to address multiple banks of programs (instrument sounds) by using an additional pair of Bank Select controllers to specify up to 1. Other most notable features were 9 Drum kits with 1. Percussion Kits - up to 2 (Channels 1.
Control Change messages for controlling the send level of sound effect blocks (cc#9. Sys. Ex messages for setting various parameters of the synth engine. GS was introduced in 1.
Roland Sound Canvas line, which was also Roland's first General MIDI synth module. General MIDI Level 2. Here's a quick overview of the GM2 changes in comparison to GM/GS: Number of Notes - minimum 3. Simultaneous Percussion Kits - up to 2 (Channels 1. Up to 1. 63. 84 variation banks are allowed, each containing a version of the 1.
Melodic Sounds (the exact use of these banks is up to the individual manufacturer.)9 GS Drum kits are included. Additional Control Change messages. Filter Resonance (Timbre/Harmonic Intensity) (cc#7. Release Time (cc#7. Attack time (cc#7. Brightness/Cutoff Frequency (cc#7. Decay Time (cc#7.
Vibrato Rate (cc#7. Vibrato Depth (cc#7. Vibrato Delay (cc#7. Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs). Universal Sys. Ex messages. Master Volume, Fine Tuning, Coarse Tuning. Reverb Type, Time.
Chorus Type, Mod Rate, Mod Depth, Feedback, Send to Reverb. Controller Destination Setting. Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust. Key- Based Instrument Controllers.
General Midi Instrument Patch Maps
GM2 System On Sys. Ex message. Additional melodic instruments can be accessed by setting CC#0 to 1. CC#3. 2 to select the bank before a Program Change.